FIRST DIVISION
ALFREDO
BOKINGO, G.R.
No. 161739
Petitioner,
Present:
PANGANIBAN, C.J., Chairperson,
YNARES-SANTIAGO,
- versus - AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,
CALLEJO, SR., and
CHICO-NAZARIO,
JJ.
APPEALS, the HEIRS OF
CELESTINO BUSA, represented
by FELICIDAD BUSA-PANAL and
ERNESTO M. CAMPOS, Promulgated:
Respondents.
x-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x
Before
the Court is the petition for review on certiorari
filed by Alfredo Bokingo seeking to reverse and set aside the Decision[1]
dated
The factual and procedural antecedents are as follows:
Petitioner
Alfredo Bokingo is one of the defendants in the complaint for injunction and
damages filed by Ernesto Campos, the Heirs of Celestino
Busa,[2]
the Heirs of Felicidad Busa-Panal[3]
and the Heirs of Concordia Busa.[4] The complaint was filed with the Regional
Trial Court (RTC) of
CAUSE OF ACTION
3. Plaintiffs [herein respondents] are co-owners
of the land subject matter. By virtue of the right of representation, the heirs
of FELICIDAD BUSA-PANAL and CONCORDIA S. BUSA and REYNALDO S. BUSA,
respectively;
4. Defendants in this case are heirs of MIGUEL
BOKINGO;
5. Defendants ALFREDO BOKINGO
[herein petitioner], WENCESLAO B. AMBRAY, JR., ROSA B. AMBRAY, CELIA A. ALMORA
and JOSELITO B. AMBRAY, filed an application for titling of a parcel of land
before the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Office of the
CENRO, Ochoa Avenue, Butuan City;
6. The land subject matter of
the application of defendants is a parcel of land located at Baan (Buhangin),
7. The land subject matter of
the application for titling of defendants is a parcel of land inherited by
plaintiffs from their father, the late CELESTINO BUSA. This parcel of land is
described particularly as:
TAX DECLARATION NO. GR.-10-002-0189-A
“A parcel of land covered by Tax Declaration No. GR-10-002-0189-A,
situated in Buhangin, Butuan City, containing an area of 2.1600 HAS., more or
less. Bounded on the North – Elisa Busa, South - Pastor Ago, East – Ho. Miguel
Bokingo and on the West –
8. When plaintiffs knew of
defendants’ application, plaintiffs filed a protest against defendants’
application on
9. On
10. On
11. On
In complying herewith, the
Land Management Officer III concerned should be instructed to set forth the
whole proceeding in writing signed by the parties and witnesses, if possible,
submit and return to this Office within sixty (60) days from receipt hereof, to
be used as evidence should it be necessary to institute any action, criminal or
otherwise, against any party who may refuse to obey the same.
SO ORDERED,
12. Plaintiffs requested on
June 23, 1999, for a Survey Authority to survey the land subject matter of this
case before the CENRO Office of Butuan City. Attached as Annex D is the Survey
Application;
13. On
14. On
15. Plaintiff[s] availed of
the Barangay Justice System to
resolve the controversy regarding the survey but to no avail, defendants still
refused to allow plaintiffs to survey the area.
Thus, a Certificate to File Action was issued by the Lupong Tagapamayapa. Copy of the same is
hereto attached as Annex G;
16. The defendants did not
exercise honesty and good faith in their acts which is a violation of Article
19 of the New Civil Code, and which entitles the plaintiffs for damages;
17. The acts of defendants constrained the
plaintiff[s] to litigate and to incur attorney’s fees in the amount of
PhP10,000.00 plus litigation expenses estimated at PhP10,000.00.
Wherefore, premises
considered, it is respectfully prayed that after hearing, this Honorable Court:
1) Enjoin permanently the
illegal acts of defendants of preventing the survey of the land subject matter
of this case by ENGR. ERNESTO M. CAMPOS;
2) Order defendants to pay
plaintiffs the sum of P10,000.00 as
attorney’s fees, P10,000.00 as litigation expenses;
3) Order defendants to pay
damages to plaintiff;
4) Such other reliefs just
and reasonable under the circumstances.[5]
Petitioner
Bokingo, as one of the defendants in the above complaint, filed with the court a quo a motion to dismiss alleging that
the latter has no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the claim. Specifically, petitioner Bokingo contended
that it could be gleaned from the complaint that the issue between the parties
involved the possession of the land. As
such, the assessed value of the land was crucial to determine the court’s
jurisdiction over the subject matter in accordance with either Section 19(2)[6]
or Section 33(3)[7] of
Batasang Pambansa Blg. 129[8]
as amended by Republic Act No. 7691. If
the assessed value thereof is P20,000.00 or less, then the Municipal
Trial Court (MTC) has jurisdiction over the subject matter. Otherwise, jurisdiction is with the RTC.
Petitioner
Bokingo pointed out in his Motion to Dismiss that the assessed value of the
land subject matter of the complaint was not indicated. Nonetheless, he proffered that based on his father’s
tax declaration covering the subject land, its assessed value was only P14,410.00. Consequently, it was allegedly clear that the
court a quo, a Regional Trial Court,
had no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the complaint filed by the
respondents. Rather, in view of the
assessed value of the subject land which was allegedly less than the P15,000.00,
jurisdiction properly belonged to the
MTC.
Petitioner Bokingo thus urged the court a quo to dismiss the complaint filed by the respondents for lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter thereof.
Acting thereon,
the court a quo issued the Order
dated
Based on these allegations, the court a quo held that it had jurisdiction over the subject matter of the claim under Section 2 of Rule 58 of the Rules of Court which provides in part that “[a] preliminary injunction may be granted by the court where the action or proceeding is pending.” It accordingly denied petitioner Bokingo’s motion to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction.
Petitioner Bokingo forthwith filed with the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari alleging grave abuse of discretion on the part of the court a quo in denying his motion to dismiss.
On
It was noted that the records fail to disclose that petitioner Bokingo filed a motion for reconsideration of the order of the court a quo. According to the CA, such omission warranted the outright dismissal of the petition for certiorari. Finally, it was not shown or even alleged in the petition that the court a quo, in issuing the assailed order, acted with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction. The issue raised by petitioner Bokingo, the CA held, was proper for an appeal but not a petition for certiorari.
Aggrieved,
petitioner Bokingo now comes to the Court seeking the reversal of the said
decision of the CA which dismissed his petition for certiorari filed therewith.
He insists that the complaint filed by the respondents with the court a quo is a possessory action. To determine which court, the RTC or MTC, has
primary jurisdiction, petitioner Bokingo theorizes that it is necessary that
the assessed value of the land be alleged in the initiatory complaint. Absent such allegation, the court where the
case was filed should allegedly preliminarily determine the assessed value of
the subject property to determine whether or not it has jurisdiction over the
subject matter of the claim. In the
present case, according to petitioner Bokingo, the assessed value of the
subject land is only P14,410.00; hence, jurisdiction thereof properly
belongs to the MTC in accordance with Section 19(2) or 33(3) of BP Blg. 129 as amended by RA 7691.
The petition is bereft of merit.
Preliminarily,
the Court finds no reversible error in the dismissal by the CA of petitioner
Bokingo’s petition for certiorari
filed therewith. As correctly held by
the CA, the mere fact that he failed to move for the reconsideration of the
court a quo’s order denying his motion to dismiss
was sufficient cause for the outright dismissal of the said petition. Certiorari
as a special civil action will not lie unless a motion for reconsideration
is first filed before the respondent court to allow it an opportunity to
correct its errors, if any.[10] Petitioner Bokingo did not proffer any
compelling reason to warrant deviation by the CA from this salutary rule. As further observed by the CA, petitioner
Bokingo failed to even allege grave abuse of discretion on the part of the
court a quo in rendering the order
denying his motion to dismiss.
In any case, the present petition lacks substantive merit. It is axiomatic that the nature of the action and which court has original and exclusive jurisdiction over the same is determined by the material allegations of the complaint, the type of relief prayed for by the plaintiff, and the law in effect when the action is filed, irrespective of whether the plaintiffs are entitled to some or all of the claims asserted therein.[11] The caption of the complaint is not determinative of the nature of the action. Nor does the jurisdiction of the court depend upon the answer of the defendant or agreement of the parties, or to the waiver or acquiescence of the parties.[12]
A careful
perusal of the respondents’ complaint, quoted earlier, shows that it alleges
that per the Order dated November 24, 1998 of PENRO of Butuan City, petitioner
Bokingo’s and his co-claimants’ application for titling of the subject land was
rejected. On the other hand, in the same
order it was declared that the respondents, if qualified, may file an
appropriate public land application covering the same land. It was further alleged that the said order
became final and executory, and in connection therewith, the respondents were
authorized by the City Environment and Natural Resources Officer (CENRO) of
regarding the survey was submitted to the Lupong
Tagapamayapa, petitioner Bokingo still allegedly refused to allow the
respondents to survey the subject land.
Hence, the Complaint for Injunction filed by the respondents where the
principal relief sought is to enjoin permanently the illegal acts of the
defendants therein, including petitioner Bokingo, of preventing the survey of
the land subject matter of the case.
In this connection, it is well to note that the Court had the occasion to explain that “in determining whether an action is one the subject matter of which is not capable of pecuniary estimation, the nature of the principal action, or remedy sought must first be ascertained. If it is primarily for the recovery of a sum of money, the claim is considered capable of pecuniary estimation, and jurisdiction over the action will depend on the amount of the claim. However, where the basic issue is something other than the right to recover a sum of money, where the money claim is purely incidental to, or a consequence of, the principal relief sought, the action is one where the subject of litigation may not be estimated in terms of money, which is cognizable exclusively by Regional Trial Courts.”[13]
As gleaned from the complaint, the principal relief sought by the respondents in their complaint is for the court a quo to issue an injunction against petitioner Bokingo and his representatives to permanently enjoin them from preventing the survey of the subject land. For clarity, the prayer of the complaint reads:
Wherefore, premises
considered, it is respectfully prayed that after hearing, this Honorable Court:
1) Enjoin permanently the
illegal acts of defendants of preventing the survey of the land subject matter
of this case by ENGR. ERNESTO M. CAMPOS;
2) Order defendants to pay
plaintiffs the sum of P10,000.00 as
attorney’s fees, P10,000.00 as litigation expenses;
3) Order defendants to pay
damages to plaintiff;
4) Such other reliefs just and reasonable under the circumstances.[14]
Contrary to the view posited by petitioner Bokingo, the cause of action of the respondents’ complaint is not, as yet, to recover the possession of the subject land. There are three kinds of actions to judicially recover possession of real property and these are distinguished in this wise:
What
really distinguishes an action for unlawful detainer from a possessory action (accion publiciana) and from a
reinvindicatory action (accion
reinvindicatoria) is that the first is limited to the question of possession de facto. An unlawful
detainer suit (accion interdictal)
together with forcible entry are the two forms of an ejectment suit that may be
filed to recover possession of real property.
Aside from the summary action of ejectment, accion publiciana or the plenary action to recover the right of
possession and accion reinvindicatoria
or the action to recover ownership which includes recovery of possession, make
up the three kinds of actions to judicially recover possession.[15]
Significantly, the respondents’ complaint has not sought to recover the possession or ownership of the subject land. Rather, it is principally an action to enjoin petitioner Bokingo and his representatives from committing acts that would tend to prevent the survey of the subject land. It cannot be said therefore that it is one of a possessory action. The respondents, as plaintiffs in the court a quo, to be entitled to the injunctive relief sought, need to establish the following requirements: (1) the existence of a right to be protected; and (2) that the acts against which the injunction is to be directed are violative of the said right. As such, the subject matter of litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation and properly cognizable exclusively by the court a quo, a Regional Trial Court under Section 19 (1) of BP Blg. 129, as amended by RA 7691:
SEC. 19. Jurisdiction in Civil Cases. – Regional
Trial Courts shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction:
(1) In
all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is incapable of
pecuniary estimation;
x x x
Hence, the court a quo did not err in denying petitioner Bokingo’s motion to
dismiss.
WHEREFORE,
premises considered, the petition is DENIED
and the assailed Decision
dated
SO ORDERED.
ROMEO J. CALLEJO, SR.
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
Chief Justice
Chairperson
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ
Associate Justice
Associate
Justice
Associate
Justice
Pursuant to Section 13,
Article VIII of the Constitution, it is hereby certified that the conclusions
in the above decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned
to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
Chief Justice
[1] Penned by Associate Justice Jose L. Sabio, Jr. with Associate Justices Delilah Vidallon-Magtolis (retired) and Hakim S. Abdulwahid concurring; rollo, pp. 32-35.
[2]
Namely Milagros Busa-Simogan, Teresita Busa Linao, Jovita Busa-Besillas
and Nestor A. Busa.
[3] Represented by Cresilda P. Elvira.
[4] Represented by Reynaldo S. Busa.
[5] Rollo, pp. 37-38.
[6] The provision reads:
SEC. 19. Jurisdiction in Civil Cases. – Regional Trial Courts shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction:
x x x x
(2) In all civil actions which involve the
title to, or possession of, real property, or any interest therein, where the
assessed value of the property involved exceeds Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00)
or for civil actions in Metro Manila, where such value exceeds Fifty thousand
pesos (P50,000.00) except actions for forcible entry into and unlawful
detainer of lands or buildings, original jurisdiction over which is conferred
upon the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts;
[7] The provision reads:
SEC. 33. Jurisdiction of Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in Civil Cases:
x x x x
(3) Exclusive original jurisdiction in
all civil actions which involve title to, or possession of, real property, or
any interest therein where the assessed value of the property or interest
therein does not exceed Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or, in civil
actions in Metro Manila, where such assessed value does not exceed Fifty thousand
pesos (P50,000.00) exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind,
attorney’s fees, litigation expenses and costs: Provided, That in cases of land not declared for taxation purposes,
the value of such property shall be determined by the assessed value of the
adjacent lots.
[8] The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980.
[9] Rollo, p. 33, citing Far East Bank and Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, 395 Phil. 701 (2000).
[10] Yao v. Perello, G.R. No. 153828, October
24, 2003, 414 SCRA 474, 480.
[11] Hilario v. Salvador, G.R. No. 160384,
April 29, 2005, 457 SCRA 815, 824.
[12]
[13] Radio
Communications of the Philippines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
136109,
[14] Rollo, p. 38.
[15] Ganila
v.Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150755,