SECOND DIVISION
[G.R. No. 143370.
MARIO J. MENDEZONA and TERESITA M. MENDEZONA, LUIS J.
MENDEZONA and MARICAR L. MENDEZONA and TERESITA ADAD VDA. DE MENDEZONA, petitioners,
vs. JULIO H. OZAMIZ, ROBERTO J. MONTALVAN, JOSE MA. OZAMIZ, CARMEN H.
OZAMIZ, PAZ O. MONTALVAN, MA. TERESA O.F. ZARRAGA, CARLOS O. FORTICH, JOSE LUIS
O. ROS, PAULITA O. RODRIGUEZ, and LOURDES O. LON, respondents.
D E C I S I O N
DE LEON, JR., J.:
Before us is a petition for review on certiorari of the
Decision[1] and the Resolution[2] of the Court of Appeals dated July 27, 1998 and May 19, 2000,
respectively, in CA-G.R. CV No. 39752 which reversed and set aside the Decision[3] dated September 23, 1992 rendered in favor of the petitioners by the
Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Cebu City, Branch 6 in
Civil Case No. CEB-10766.
Civil Case No. CEB-10766 is a suit for quieting of title. It was
instituted on
In their complaint, the petitioners, as plaintiffs therein,
alleged that petitioner spouses Mario J. Mendezona
and Teresita M. Mendezona,
petitioner spouses Luis J. Mendezona and Maricar L. Mendezona, and
petitioner Teresita Adad Vda. de Mendezona own a parcel of
land each in the Banilad Estate, Lahug,
Cebu City with almost similar areas of 3,462 square
meters, 3,466 square meters and 3,468 square meters, covered and described in
Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) Nos. 116834, 116835, and 116836
respectively, of the Registry of Deeds of
The petitioners ultimately traced their titles of ownership over
their respective properties from a notarized Deed of Absolute Sale[7] dated April 28, 1989 executed in their favor by Carmen Ozamiz for and in consideration of the sum of One Million
Forty Thousand Pesos (P1,040,000.00).
The petitioners initiated the suit to remove a cloud on their
said respective titles caused by the inscription thereon of a notice of lis pendens, which
came about as a result of an incident in Special Proceeding No. 1250 of the RTC
of Oroquieta City. Special Proceeding No. 1250 is a
proceeding for guardianship over the person and properties of Carmen Ozamiz initiated by the respondents Julio H. Ozamiz, Jose Ma. Ozamiz, Carmen
H. Ozamiz,[8] Paz O. Montalvan,
Ma. Teresa O.F. Zarraga, Carlos O. Fortich, Jose Luis O. Ros, Paulita O. Rodriguez and
It appears that on January 15, 1991, the respondents instituted the petition for guardianship with the Regional Trial Court of Oroquieta City, alleging therein that Carmen Ozamiz, then 86 years old, after an illness in July 1987, had become disoriented and could not recognize most of her friends; that she could no longer take care of herself nor manage her properties by reason of her failing health, weak mind and absent-mindedness. Mario Mendezona and Luis Mendezona, herein petitioners who are nephews of Carmen Ozamiz, and Pilar Mendezona, a sister of Carmen Ozamiz, filed an opposition to the guardianship petition.
In the course of the guardianship proceeding, the petitioners and the oppositors thereto agreed that Carmen Ozamiz needed a guardian over her person and her properties, and thus respondent Paz O. Montalvan was designated as guardian over the person of Carmen Ozamiz while petitioner Mario J. Mendezona, respondents Roberto J. Montalvan and Julio H. Ozamiz were designated as joint guardians over the properties of the said ward.
As guardians, respondents Roberto J. Montalvan
and Julio H. Ozamiz filed on August 6, 1991 with the
guardianship court their “inventories and Accounts”,[10] listing therein Carmen Ozamiz’s
properties, cash, shares of stock, vehicles and fixed assets, including a
10,396 square meter property known as the Lahug
property. Said Lahug property is the same property
covered by the Deed of Absolute Sale dated
In their Answer[12] in Civil Case No. CEB-10766 the respondents
opposed the petitioners’ claim of ownership of the Lahug
property and alleged that the titles issued in the petitioners names are
defective and illegal, and the ownership of the said property was acquired in
bad faith and without value inasmuch as the consideration for the sale is
grossly inadequate and unconscionable. Respondents further alleged that at the
time of the sale on
The issues for resolution were delimited in the pre-trial to: (a)
the propriety of recourse to quieting of title; (b) the validity or nullity of
the Deed of Absolute Sale dated April 28, 1989 executed by Carmen Ozamiz in favor of herein petitioners; (c) whether the
titles over the subject parcel of land in plaintiffs’ names be maintained or
should they be cancelled and the subject parcels of land reconveyed;
and (d) damages and attorney’s fees.[13]
Trial on the merits ensued with the parties presenting evidence
to prove their respective allegations. Petitioners Mario Mendezona,
Teresita Adad Vda. de Mendezona and Luis Mendezona, as plaintiffs therein, testified on the
circumstances surrounding the sale. Carmencita Cedeno and Martin Yungco,
instrumental witnesses to the Deed of Absolute Sale dated
For the defendants, the testimonies of respondent Paz O. Montalvan, a sister of Carmen Ozamiz; Concepcion Agac-ac, an assistant of Carmen Ozamiz; respondent Julio Ozamiz; Carolina Lagura, a househelper of Carmen Ozamiz; Joselito Gunio, an appraiser of land; Nelfa Perdido, a part-time bookkeeper of Carmen Ozamiz, and the deposition of Dr. Faith Go, physician of Carmen Ozamiz, were offered in evidence.
The petitioners presented as rebuttal witnesses petitioners Mario Mendezona and Luis Mendezona, to rebut the testimony of respondent Julio H. Ozamiz; and, Dr. William Buot, a doctor of neurology to rebut aspects of the deposition of Dr. Faith Go on the mental capacity of Carmen Ozamiz at the time of the sale.
During the trial, the trial court found that the following facts
have been duly established:[14]
(1) On
(2) The three parcels of land were subsequently transferred to the names of the three vendees per TCTs Nos. 108729, 108730 and 108731 (Exhs. J, K & L, respectively). A partition agreement was entered into by the three vendees (Exh. 3) and the parcels of land are now titled in the names of the plaintiffs.
Mario Mendezona — TCT No. 116834 (Exh. A);
Luis Mendezona — TCT No. 116835 (Exh. B);
Antonio Mendezona — TCT No. 116836 (Exh. C);
(3) The reservation of the
usufructuary rights to the vendor Carmen Ozamiz during her lifetime was confirmed by the
plaintiffs-spouses Mario Mendezona and Teresita Moraza and plaintiffs spouses
Luis Mendezona and Maricar Longa in a sworn statement (Exh.
I) executed on
(4) The capital gains tax
was paid (Exh. H) on
(5) A petition for
guardianship over the person and properties of Carmen Ozamiz
(Exh. E) was filed by all the defendants, (except the
defendant Roberto Montalvan) on January 15, 1991 with
the Regional Trial Court of Oroquieta City,
denominated as Spec. Proc. No. 1250 and subsequently, an “Inventories and
Accounts” (Exh. F) was filed by court-appointed
guardians Roberto Montalvan and Julio Ozamiz, in which the property was listed (Exh. F-1) and a Notice of Lis Pendens was filed with the Register of Deeds of Cebu City on
(6) Prior to his death,
the deceased husband of plaintiff Teresita Adad Mendezona was granted a
General Power of Attorney (Exh. 1) by Carmen Ozamiz on
On
Wherefore, premises considered, the Court is of the opinion and so declares that:
1. The property described in the complaint was sold, with reservation of usufructuary rights by Carmen Ozamiz to the plaintiffs under a valid contract, voluntarily and deliberately entered into while she was of sound mind, for sufficient and good consideration, and without fraud, force, undue influence or intimidation having been exercised upon her, and consequently, the Court orders the defendants herein to acknowledge and recognize the plaintiffs’ title to the aforecited property and to refrain from further clouding the same;
2. That the one-third (1/3) share erroneously titled to Antonio Mendezona should be titled in the name of Teresita Adad vda. de Mendezona as her paraphernal property and the Register of Deeds of Cebu City is hereby ordered to do so;
3. The Notice of Lis Pendens affecting the property should be eliminated from the record and the Register of Deeds of Cebu City is ordered to expunge the same.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
On appeal to the Court of Appeals, the appellate court reversed
the factual findings of the trial court and ruled that the Deed of Absolute
Sale dated April 28, 1989 was a simulated contract since the petitioners failed
to prove that the consideration was actually paid, and, furthermore, that at
the time of the execution of the contract the mental faculties of Carmen Ozamiz were already seriously impaired. Thus, the appellate
court declared that the Deed of Absolute Sale of
Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration of the decision of
the appellate court. Subsequent thereto, the petitioners filed a motion for a
new trial and/or for reception of evidence. They contended, among other things,
that the appellate court totally ignored the testimony of Judge Teodorico Durias regarding the
mental condition of Carmen Ozamiz a month before the
execution of the Deed of Absolute Sale in question. The said testimony was
taken in the Special Proceeding No. 1250 in the
The appellate court denied both motions in its Resolution dated
I.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
RULING THAT THE APRIL 28, 1989 DEED OF ABSOLUTE
A.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
IGNORING THE STATUTORY PRESUMPTIONS OF ACTUAL AND SUFFICIENT CONSIDERATION FOR,
AND OF THE REGULARITY AND TRUTHFULNESS OF, THE NOTARIZED DEED OF ABSOLUTE
B.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
IMPOSING ON THE PETITIONERS THE BURDEN OF PROVING PAYMENT, AND IN REFUSING TO
RECOGNIZE AND RULE THAT IT WAS THE RESPONDENTS - AS THE PARTIES ASSAILING THE
DEED OF ABSOLUTE
C.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN REFUSING TO RECEIVE IN EVIDENCE THE THREE (3) CHECKS, WHICH PROVED BEYOND ANY DOUBT THAT THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR THE LAHUG PROPERTY HAD BEEN PAID TO CARMEN OZAMIZ, AFTER ASKING FOR THEM AND HAVING THEM PRESENTED TO IT IN OPEN COURT, THUS COOPERATING WITH RESPONDENTS’ EFFORTS TO SUPPRESS THE CHECKS (WHICH THE COURT ITSELF AND RESPONDENTS CHALLENGED PETITIONERS TO PRODUCE).
II.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
RULING THAT CARMEN OZAMIZ’S MENTAL FACULTIES WERE SERIOUSLY IMPAIRED WHEN SHE
EXECUTED THE DEED OF ABSOLUTE
A.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN IGNORING THE STATUTORY PRESUMPTION THAT CARMEN OZAMIZ WAS OF SOUND MIND AND HAD THE REQUISITE CAPACITY TO CONTRACT WHEN SHE EXECUTED THE DEED OF ABSOLUTE SALE, AND IN REFUSING TO RULE THAT IT WAS THE RESPONDENTS - AS THE PARTIES ALLEGING MENTAL INCAPACITY- WHO HAD FAILED TO DISCHARGE THEIR BURDEN OF REBUTTING THAT PRESUMPTION.
B.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
REFUSING TO ACCEPT AND GIVE DUE AND PREPONDERANT WEIGHT TO UNREFUTED EVIDENCE,
INCLUDING THE UNREFUTED TESTIMONIES OF THE INSTRUMENTAL WITNESSES AND OF THE
NOTARY PUBLIC, THAT CARMEN OZAMIZ EXECUTED THE DEED OF ABSOLUTE
C.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN GIVING
WEIGHT TO THE HEARSAY TESTIMONY OF DR. FAITH GO ON THE MENTAL CONDITION OF
CARMEN OZAMIZ ON THE DATE SHE EXECUTED THE DEED OF ABSOLUTE
D.
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN
IGNORING, AND IN REFUSING TO RECEIVE IN EVIDENCE, JUDGE TEODORICO DURIAS’S
TESTIMONY (THAT CARMEN OZAMIZ WAS OF SOUND MIND WHEN SHE EXECUTED ANOTHER
CONTRACT BARELY A MONTH BEFORE SHE EXECUTED THE DEED OF ABSOLUTE
We shall first rule on the issue of whether to consider the testimony of Judge Durias as newly discovered evidence. A motion for new trial upon the ground of newly discovered evidence is properly granted only where there is concurrence of the following requisites, namely: (a) the evidence had been discovered after trial; (b) the evidence could not have been discovered and produced during trial even with the exercise of reasonable diligence; and (c) the evidence is material and not merely corroborative, cumulative or impeaching and is of such weight that if admitted, would probably alter the result. All three (3) requisites must characterize the evidence sought to be introduced at the new trial.
We find that the requirement of reasonable diligence has not been
met by the petitioners. As early as the pre-trial of the case at bar, the name
of Judge Durias has already cropped up as a possible
witness for the defendants, herein
respondents. That the respondents chose not to present him is not an
indicia per se of suppression of evidence, since a party in a civil case
is free to choose who to present as his witness. Neither can Judge Durias’ testimony in another case be considered as newly
discovered evidence since the facts to be testified to by Judge Durias which were existing before and during the trial,
could have been presented by the petitioners at the trial below.[16] The testimony of Judge Durias has been in
existence waiting only to be elicited from him by questioning.[17]
It has been held that a lack of diligence is exhibited where the
newly discovered evidence was necessary or proper under the pleadings, and its
existence must have occurred to the party in the course of the preparation of
the case, but no effort was made to secure it; there is a failure to make
inquiry of persons who were likely to know the facts in question, especially
where information was not sought from co-parties; there is a failure to seek
evidence available through public records; there is a failure to discover
evidence that is within the control of the complaining party; there is a
failure to follow leads contained in other evidence; and, there is a failure to
utilize available discovery procedures.[18] Thus, the testimony of Judge Durias cannot be
considered as newly discovered evidence to warrant a new trial.
In this petition at bench, herein petitioners essentially take
exception to two (2) main factual findings of the appellate court, namely, (a)
that the notarized Deed of Absolute Sale dated
The respondents posit a different view. They contend that clear and convincing
evidence refuted the presumptions on regularity of execution of the Deed of
Absolute Sale and existence of consideration thereof. Relying upon the testimonies of Paz O. Montalvan, Concepcion Agac-ac, Carolina Lagura and Dr.
Faith Go, they aver that they were able to show that Carmen Ozamiz
was already physically and mentally incapacitated since the latter part of 1987
and could not have executed the said Deed of Absolute Sale on
Factual findings of the appellate court are generally conclusive
on this Court which is not a trier of facts. It is
not the function of the Supreme Court to analyze or weigh evidence all over
again. However, this rule is not without exception. If there is a showing that
the appellate court’s findings of facts complained of are totally devoid of
support in the record or that they are so glaringly erroneous as to constitute
grave abuse of discretion, this Court must discard such erroneous findings of
facts.[19] We find that the exception applies in the
case at bench.
Simulation is defined as “the declaration of a fictitious will,
deliberately made by agreement of the parties, in order to produce, for the
purposes of deception, the appearances of a juridical act which does not exist
or is different from what that which was really executed.”[20] The requisites of simulation are: (a) an
outward declaration of will different from the will of the parties; (b) the
false appearance must have been intended by mutual agreement; and (c) the
purpose is to deceive third persons.[21] None of these were clearly shown to exist in the case at bar.
Contrary to the erroneous conclusions of the appellate court, a
simulated contract cannot be inferred from the mere non-production of the
checks. It was not the burden of the
petitioners to prove so. It is
significant to note that the Deed of Absolute Sale dated
Payment is not merely presumed from the fact that the notarized
Deed of Absolute Sale dated P1,040,000.00) was acknowledged to have been received by
Carmen Ozamiz.
Simulation cannot be inferred from the alleged absence of payment based on the testimonies of Concepcion Agac-ac, assistant of Carmen Ozamiz, and Nelfa Perdido, part-time bookkeeper of Carmen Ozamiz. The testimonies of these two (2) witnesses are unreliable and inconsistent.
While Concepcion Agac-ac
testified that she was aware of all the transactions of Carmen Ozamiz, she also admitted that not all income of Carmen Ozamiz passed through her since Antonio Mendezona,
as appointed administrator, directly reported to Carmen Ozamiz.[24] With respect to Nelfa Perdido,
she testified that most of the transactions that she recorded refer only to
rental income and expenses, and the amounts thereof were reported to her by Concepcion Agac-ac only, not by
Carmen Ozamiz. She does not record deposits or
withdrawals in the bank accounts of Carmen Ozamiz.[25] Their testimonies hardly deserve any credit and, hence, the appellate
court misplaced reliance thereon.
Considering that Carmen Ozamiz
acknowledged, on the face of the notarized deed, that she received the
consideration at One Million Forty Thousand Pesos (P1,040,000.00), the
appellate court should not have placed too much emphasis on the checks, the
presentation of which is not really necessary. Besides, the burden to prove
alleged non-payment of the consideration of the sale was on the respondents,
not on the petitioners. Also, between its conclusion based on inconsistent oral
testimonies and a duly notarized document that enjoys presumption of
regularity, the appellate court should have given more weight to the latter.
Spoken words could be notoriously unreliable as against a written document that
speaks a uniform language.[26]
Furthermore, the appellate court erred in ruling that at the time
of the execution of the Deed of Absolute Sale on
Carolina Lagura, a househelper
of Carmen Ozamiz, testified that when Carmen Ozamiz was confronted by Paz O. Montalvan
in January 1989 with the sale of the Lahug property,
Carmen Ozamiz denied the same. She testified that
Carmen Ozamiz understood the question then.[28] However, this declaration is inconsistent with her (
The revelation of Dr. Faith Go did not also shed light on the
mental capacity of Carmen Ozamiz on the relevant day
-
It has been held that a person is not incapacitated to contract
merely because of advanced years or by reason of physical infirmities. Only
when such age or infirmities impair her mental faculties to such extent as to
prevent her from properly, intelligently, and fairly protecting her property
rights, is she considered incapacitated.[30] The respondents utterly failed to show
adequate proof that at the time of the sale on April 28, 1989 Carmen Ozamiz had allegedly lost control of her mental faculties.
We note that the respondents sought to impugn only one document,
namely, the Deed of Absolute Sale dated
All the foregoing considered, we find the instant petition to be meritorious and the same should be granted.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is hereby GRANTED and the
assailed Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals are hereby REVERSED
and SET ASIDE. The Decision dated
SO ORDERED.
Bellosillo, (Chairman), Mendoza, Quisumbing, and Buena,
JJ., concur.
[1] Penned by Associate Justice
Emeterio C. Cui and concurred in by Associate
Justices Eubulo G. Verzola
and Artemio G. Tuquero,
Second Division, Rollo, pp. 9-17.
[2] Penned by Associate
Justice Eubulo G. Verzola
and concurred in by Associate Justices Roberto A. Barrios and Elvi John S. Asuncion, Special Tenth Division, Rollo, pp. 18-23.
[3] Penned by Judge
Ramon Am. Torres, Original Records, pp. 374-394; Rollo,
pp. 300-320.
[4] Original Records,
pp. 1-7.
[5] Original Records,
pp. 28-35.
[6] Original Records,
pp. 36-42.
[7] Original Records, p.
43.
[8] Carmen H. Ozamiz is a cousin of the Mendezonas
and a niece of Carmen Ozamiz.
[9] Original Records,
pp. 44-51
[10] Original Records,
pp. 52-55.
[11] Original Records,
pp. 56-57.
[12] Original Records,
pp. 66-68.
[13] Original Records, p.
144.
[14] Original Records,
pp. 377-378.
[15] Rollo,
pp. 69-71.
[16] Arce,
et al., v. Arce, et al. 106 Phil. 630,
636-637 [1959].
[17] Boysaw
v. Interphil Promotions, Inc., 148 SCRA 635,
647 [1987]. See Moran’s Comments on the
Rules of Court, p. 55, 1975 Ed., Lim Tek Goan v. Azores, 76 Phil. 363 [1946].
[18] 58 Am Jur 2d New Trial § 429.
[19] Heirs of Cesario
Velasquez v. Court of Appeals, 325 SCRA 552, 565-566 [2000]; Borlongan v.
Madrideo, 323 SCRA 248, 255 [2000].
[20] Loyola v. Court of Appeals,
326 SCRA 285, 293 [2000] citing A.M. Tolentino, IV
Civil Code of the
[21] Loyola v.
Court of Appeals, supra at 294 citing R.B. Rodriguez, Absolutely or
Relatively Simulated Contracts, 159 SCRA 186, 187-188 [1998].
[22] Lao v. Villones-Lao,
306 SCRA 387, 396 [1999]; Arrieta v. Llosa, 282
SCRA 248, 252 [1997]; Garrido v. Court of
Appeals, 236 SCRA 450, 457 [1994].
[23] Caoili v.
Court of Appeals, 314 SCRA 345, 361 [1999]; Salame
v. Court of Appeals, 239 SCRA 356, 359 [1994]; Yturralde
v. Azurin 28 SCRA 407, 417 [1969].
[24] TSN,
[25] TSN,
[26] De Leon v.
Court of Appeals, 205 SCRA 612 , 622 [1992]; Abella v.
Court of Appeals, 257 SCRA 482, 487 [1996].
[27] Rollo,
p. 41.
[28] TSN,
[29] TSN,
[30] Loyola v.
Court of Appeals, see Note No. 20, supra at 295 citing Alberts v. Dunlavey
(Coshocton Co), 54 Ohio App. 111, 7 Ohio Ops. 432, 6 NE 2d 26; Monroe v.
Shrivers (Morgan Co), 29
[31] These are:
1. Special Power of Attorney in favor of Antonio Mendezona dated
2. General Power of Attorney in favor of Antonio Mendezona dated
3. General Power of Attorney in favor of Mario Mendezona on
4. Marriage Contract between Julio Ozamiz
and Marietta Figueroa dated
5. Letter of Antonio Mendezona,
dated
6. Extrajudicial Settlement of Estate of Consuela
Ozamiz dated
7. Receipt for money dated
8. Certification dated
9. Residence Certificate issued on
[32] Rollo,
pp. 374-375.
[33] 29 Am Jur 2d Evidence § 295;
[34] Blochowitz
v. Blochowitz, 122