FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 142920.
DOROTEO SALAZAR and DOZEN CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, petitioners, vs. COURT OF APPEALS, Former Seventh Division, HON. BENIGNO G. GAVIOLA, Presiding Judge of the Regional Trial Court of Cebu City, Branch 9, SOFIA REPONTE, MARCOS LATORZA, ABUNDIO REPONTE, JANUARIO REPONTE, HEIRS OF GUILLERMO NAVARRO, HEIRS OF MIGUEL REPONTE, HEIRS OF MARTA PADAYAO and FELICIDAD SUARING, respondents.
D E C I S I O N
YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.:
Sometime in 1935, Joaquin Reston purchased
On
Sometime in 1978, Olimpio Reston sold
On
The complaint was subsequently amended by Sofia Reponte and Marcos Latorza by
dropping Abundio Reponte
and Januario Reponte as
plaintiffs but impleading them as defendants, for
being necessary parties.[2]
Erlinda Reston filed her answer, alleging that she acquired the lot by donation from Olimpio Reston; that Olimpio Reston’s ownership of the lot had been upheld in separate rulings of the Bureau of Lands, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and the Office of the President; that plaintiffs were merely squatters thereon; and that the action was barred by prescription. Doroteo Salazar also filed his answer, wherein he countered that he purchased portions of the lot from Erlinda Reston in good faith and for value; and that he had already sold the said portions, namely Lot No. 6420-A and Lot No. 6420-D, to Dozen Construction and Development Corporation, for which TCT Nos. 42088 and 42083 were issued, respectively.
On
During the trial of the case, Erlinda
Reston went to the
On
WHEREFORE, premises considered and by preponderance of evidence, the Court hereby renders decision in favor of herein plaintiffs and intervenors and against defendants Erlinda Reston, Felicisimo Geonzon and Doroteo Salazar, ordering said defendants to reconvey the titles of the property described in the Amended Complaint to herein plaintiffs and intervenors. But as to defendants Abundio Reponte and Januario Reponte, the Court hereby orders the DISMISSAL of the Amended Complaint and Complaint in Intervention against them in view of the absence of any evidence that may implicate them to the case at bar.
Furthermore, defendants Erlinda Reston, Felicisimo Geonzon and Doroteo Salazar are hereby ordered to pay, jointly and severally, the following sums:
1) P4,000.00 as attorney’s fees to plaintiffs;
2) P5,000.00 as nominal damages to plaintiffs;
3) P4,000.00 as attorney’s fees to intervenors, plus costs.
SO ORDERED.[3]
Petitioner Doroteo Salazar appealed to
the Court of Appeals, where the same was docketed as CA-G.R. CV No. 33875. On
WHEREFORE, premises considered, for failure of plaintiffs and intervenors to join as defendants Dozen Construction and
Development Corporation, an indispensable party, to whom defendant-appellant Doroteo Salazar had sold and conveyed the portions of
SO ORDERED.[4]
Accordingly, on
On
WHEREFORE, premises considered and by preponderance of evidence, the Court hereby renders judgment against defendant Doroteo Salazar and defendant Dozen Construction and Development Corporation, declaring: (a) as null and void ab initio the Sales Certificate Nos. 8495 (in the name of Joaquin Reston, for himself and others) and V-367 (in the name of Olimpio Reston), the Patent or Deed of Conveyance No. V-11571 (in the name of Olimpio Reston), TCT Nos. T-37383 (in the name of Olimpio Reston) and T-38743 (in the names of defendant Erlinda Reston-Geonzon and defendant Doroteo Salazar; (b) as valid and subsisting the Sales Certificate No. 3979 in the name of Silverio Padayao; (c) as null and void the sale of such portions of the land in question by defendant Erlinda Reston-Geonzon to defendant Doroteo Salazar; (d) declaring as null and void the sale of such portions of the land in question by defendant Doroteo Salazar to defendant Dozen Construction and Development Corporation; and ordering said defendants Doroteo Salazar and Dozen Construction and Development Corporation to:
1) Re-convey and to deliver to the plaintiffs and the intervenors the portions of subject land covered by TCT Nos. 42088 and 42083, if same are still owned and in the possession of said defendant corporation. If, however, said realties have already been disposed of to innocent buyers and for value, the said defendant corporation and/or members of its board of directors, jointly and severally, are hereby ordered to pay the value of said land or such portions sold to innocent buyers, which value shall be based on the date that this Decision shall have become final and executory; and
2) Pay, jointly and severally, the amount of P50,000.00 to plaintiffs and another sum of P50,000.00 to intervenors as exemplary damages.
In addition, defendant Doroteo Salazar is hereby ordered to pay plaintiffs P30,000.00 as moral damages, P10,000.00 as litigation expenses, and P15,000.00 as attorney’s fees; and to pay as well the intervenors the same amounts for moral damages, litigation expenses and attorney’s fees.
Costs against defendant Salazar and defendant corporation.[7]
While petitioners’ counsel received notice of the above order on
On
Immediately thereafter, on
The trial court denied the petition for relief in an order dated
The petition for certiorari is hereby DISMISSED in view of the following infirmities:
1) There are no specific material dates showing that the petition was filed within the required period (Sec. 3, Rule 46, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, as amended by the Resolution of the Supreme Court En Banc dated July 21, 1998 in Bar Matter No. 803 which took effect on September 1, 1993);
2) No authorized
representative of petitioner Dozen Construction and Development Corporation has
signed the verification/certification on non-forum shopping (
3) The assailed RTC Order of
4) The petition was not
accompanied by such material portions of the record as referred to therein; and
other documents relevant or pertinent thereto (
5) The copy of the Petition for Relief from the orders dated November 27, 1998 and May 6, 1999, more particularly pages 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9, is not readable.
SO ORDERED.[12]
Petitioners filed a Motion for Reconsideration[13]
which was denied by the Court of Appeals on
Hence, this petition based on the following grounds:
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, FORMER SEVENTEENTH DIVISION, COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION WHEN IT DENIED, IN THE RESOLUTIONS DATED 24 AUGUST 1999 AND 4 FEBRUARY 2000, THE PETITION FOR CERTIORARI AND PROHIBITION FILED BY HEREIN PETITIONERS ON MERE TECHNICALITIES, SINCE THE DENIAL OF SAID GROUND WOULD NOT SERVE THE DEMANDS OF SUBSTANTIAL JUSTICE.
THE PUBLIC RESPONDENT JUDGE BENIGNO G.
GAVIOLA COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF
JURISDICTION WHEN HE, IN AN ORDER DATED
THE PUBLIC RESPONDENT JUDGE BENIGNO G. GAVIOLA COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION WHEN HE, IN AN ORDER DATED 27 NOVEMBER 1998, DIRECTED THE RECONVEYANCE OF TCT NOS. 42088 AND 42083.
THE PUBLIC RESPONDENT JUDGE BENIGNO G. GAVIOLA
COMMITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION
WHEN HE HELD PETITIONERS LIABLE TO PRIVATE RESPONDENTS FOR MORAL AND EXEMPLARY
DAMAGES AS WELL AS ATTORNEY’S FEES AND LITIGATION EXPENSES.[15]
On
Petitioners thus filed a Motion for Leave to Suspend the Rules
and to Admit the Attached Second Motion for Reconsideration.[18]
In a Resolution dated
Respondents failed to file their comment despite service of the
above Resolution on their respective counsel of record on
Petitioners argue that their counsel of record, without their
knowledge and consent, agreed to submit the case for decision without
presenting their evidence. Furthermore,
their counsel failed to notify them of the order dated
Petitioners further argue that the Court of Appeals erred in dismissing their petition for certiorari on purely technical grounds, arguing that the technical defects should not be allowed to override the primordial and issues raised and the substantive rights involved.
While it is settled that the negligence of counsel binds the
client, this rule is not without exception.
In cases where reckless or gross negligence of counsel deprives the
client of due process of law,[22]
or when its application will result in outright deprivation of the client’s
liberty or property or where the interests of justice so require, relief is
accorded to the client who suffered by reason of the lawyer’s gross or palpable
mistake or negligence.[23]
In the recent case of Apex Mining, Inc. v. Court of Appeals,[24] we ruled:
If the incompetence, ignorance or inexperience of counsel is so great and the error committed as a result thereof is so serious that the client, who otherwise has a good cause, is prejudiced and denied his day in court, the litigation may be reopened to give the client another chance to present his case. Similarly, when an unsuccessful party has been prevented from fully and fairly presenting his case as a result of his lawyer’s professional delinquency or infidelity the litigation may be reopened to allow the party to present his side. Where counsel is guilty of gross ignorance, negligence and dereliction of duty, which resulted in the client’s being held liable for damages in a damage suit, the client is deprived of his day in court and the judgment may be set aside on such ground.
In view of the foregoing circumstances, higher interests of justice
and equity demand that petitioners be allowed to present evidence on their
defense. Petitioners may not be made
suffer for the lawyer’s mistakes and should be afforded another opportunity, at
least, to introduce evidence on their behalf.
To cling to the general rule in this case is only to condone rather than
rectify a serious injustice to a party whose only fault was to repose his faith
and entrust his innocence to his previous lawyers.[25]
It cannot even be said that petitioners were remiss in not apprising themselves of the status of their case. Having engaged the services of counsel, they had justifiable reason to expect that their interests in the case will be amply protected.
A client may reasonably expect that his counsel will make good his representations
and has the right to expect that his lawyer will protect his interests during
the trial of his case. For the general
employment of an attorney to prosecute or defend a case or proceeding
ordinarily vests in a plaintiff’s attorney the implied authority to take all
steps or do all acts necessary or incidental to the regular and orderly
prosecution and management of the suit, and in a defendant’s attorney, the
power to take such steps as he deems necessary to defend the suit and protect
the interests of the defendant.[26]
Indeed, the fundamental purpose of procedural rules is to afford
each litigant every opportunity to present evidence in their behalf in order
that substantial justice is achieved.
Court litigations are primarily for the search of truth, and a liberal
interpretation of the rules by which both parties are given the fullest
opportunity to adduce proofs is the best way to ferret out such truth. The dispensation of justice and vindication
of legitimate grievances should not be barred by technicalities.[27]
Hence, in cases where a party was denied this right, we have relaxed the stringent application of procedural rules in order to allow a party the chance to be heard. This policy applies with equal force in case of appeals. It has been consistently held that the dismissal of appeals on purely technical grounds is frowned upon.
xxx xxx xxx, “[d]ismissal
of appeals purely on technical grounds is frowned upon and the rules of
procedure ought not to be applied in a very rigid, technical sense, for they
are adopted to help secure, not override, substantial justice, and thereby
defeat their very aims.” Verily, this Court, in the exercise of its equity
jurisdiction, may even stay the dismissal of appeals grounded merely on
technicalities, especially in this case where petitioners’ appeal appears prima
facie worthy of the CA’s full consideration on the merits.[28]
In the case at bar, there exist cogent reasons to apply the foregoing principles. Petitioners were deprived of their right to present evidence at the trial proper through the gross and palpable mistake of their lawyer, who agreed to a submission of the case for decision without fully substantiating their defense. In addition, petitioners were deprived of their right to appeal the adverse order of the trial court when their lawyer failed to promptly notify them of the same, to enable them to move for reconsideration or appeal in due course. Thus, the relaxation of the strict application of technical rules is warranted.
The trial court erred in declaring Doroteo
Salazar as having waived his right to present evidence when he failed to attend
a scheduled hearing. According to
petitioner Salazar, he had to fly from
The trial court likewise erred when it denied the petition for
relief. Petitioners should not suffer the consequences of their counsel’s
negligence. It necessarily follows,
then, that petitioner’s period to file the petition for relief should be
counted from their actual notice of the order, which was sometime in April
1999. The petition for relief filed on
The Court of Appeals likewise erred in dismissing the petition
for certiorari on purely technical grounds.
The dismissal of appeals on purely technical grounds is frowned
upon. While the right to appeal is a
statutory, not a natural right, nonetheless it is an essential part of our
judicial system and courts should proceed with caution so as not to deprive a
party of the right to appeal, but rather, ensure that every party-litigant has
the amplest opportunity for the proper and just disposition of his cause, freed
from the constraints of technicalities.[29]
The instant case involves the possible loss of property without due process of law. More particularly, petitioners stand to lose their land without being allowed to defend their title from the adverse claims of private respondents. Hence, in the interest of substantial justice, the reopening of the case is ordered to allow defendants, petitioners herein, an opportunity to present evidence in their behalf.
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, the petition is
GRANTED. The Resolutions of the Court of
Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 54421 dated August 24, 1999 and February 4, 2000 are
REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Orders of
the
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J. (Chairman), Puno, Kapunan, and Pardo, JJ., concur.
[1] Rollo,
pp. 46-49.
[2] Ibid., pp.
50-53.
[3] Ibid., pp.
79-80; penned by Judge Benigno G. Gaviola.
[4] Ibid., pp.
92-93; penned by Associate Justice Eduardo G. Montenegro, concurred in by
Associate Justices Jose C. De la Rama and Antonio P.
Solano.
[5] Ibid., pp.
54-57.
[6] Ibid., pp.
58-66.
[7] Ibid., pp.
103-104.
[8] Ibid., p.
105.
[9] Ibid., pp. 106-118.
[10] Ibid., p.
119.
[11] Ibid., pp.
120-144.
[12] Ibid., pp.
38-39; penned Associate Justice B.A. Adefuin-De la
Cruz, concurred in by Associate Justices Fermin A.
Martin, Jr. and Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr.
[13] Ibid., pp.
145-149.
[14] Ibid., pp.
41-42.
[15] Ibid., pp.
17-32.
[16] Ibid., pp.
151-152.
[17] Ibid., p.
161.
[18] Ibid., pp.
187-202.
[19] Ibid., pp.
227-229.
[20] Ibid., p.
252.
[21] Ibid., p.
254.
[22] Legarda
v. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 418, 427-428 [1991].
[23] Aguilar v.
Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 371, 374-375 [1995].
[24] 319 SCRA 456 [1999].
[25] Ibid., at
468.
[26] Ibid., at
467.
[27] Abrajano v.
Court of Appeals, 343 SCRA 68, 86 [2000]; People v. Ebias,
342 SCRA 675, 690 [2000].
[28] Piglas-Kamao
(Sari-Sari Chapter), et al. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 138556,