SECOND DIVISION
[G.R. No. 131200.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. MARIO CASTILLO y FELICILDA, ALLAN ESPLANA y BONCODIN, OLIVER VAIDAL y ALMOGEN, and PABLITO JAVIER JR. y CASTRO, accused-appellants.
D E C I S I O N
QUISUMBING, J.:
On appeal is the decision[1] of the
Two charges of rape were brought against them under two separate informations, which read:
Crim.
Case No. 97-9946
That on or about the 25th day of February, 1997, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, MARIO CASTILLO Y FELICILDA, in conspiracy with his co-accused ALLAN ESPLANA Y BONCODIN, OLIVER VAIDAL Y ALMOGEN and PABLITO JAVIER, JR., Y CASTRO, while under the influence of liquor, by means of force and intimidation, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge with the complainant, MA. CHALET (sic) AGUSTIN Y ADUYUGAN, a minor 15 years of age, against her will.
Contrary to law.[2]
Criminal Case No. 97-9947
That on or about the 25th day of February, 1997, in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, ALLAN ESPLANA Y BONCODIN in conspiracy with his co-accused MARIO CASTILLO Y FELICILDA, OLIVER VAIDAL Y ALMOGEN, and PABLITO JAVIER JR. Y CASTRO, while under the influence of liquor, by means of force and intimidation, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge with the complainant, MA. CHANET AGUSTIN Y ADUYUGAN, a minor 15 years of age, against her will.
Contrary to law.[3]
When arraigned on
The prosecution’s version of the facts are based largely on the
testimony of private complainant, 15-year-old MA. CHANET AGUSTIN. According to
her, on
After finishing one bottle of which she drank five shots,[7] according to her, Allan began kissing her on
the cheeks and lips. She told Allan to
stop but the latter persisted.[8] While drinking a second bottle, Allan
continued kissing her, touched her breasts and other parts of her body. She
tried to remove his hands but Allan would not stop.[9] Subsequently, Allan held her by the right
arm and took her to the back of a pigpen, eight to ten meters away. In a standing position, Allan resumed kissing
her[10] and then requested her to lie down on a
large cardboard spread on the ground.[11] She repeatedly told Allan to stop. But as they lay on the cardboard, Allan
lowered her denim pants and underwear, and also his own shorts. Thereafter, he inserted his penis into her
vagina. She said that she tried to fight
and push Allan away for ten minutes,[12] but she was too weak to slap nor kick Allan,
nor shout for help, because she was too drunk and her voice would not come out.[13] Allan’s carnal lust was satisfied in 30
minutes.
She recalled that Mario, Oliver, and Pablito
stood by, watching and laughing at a distance of four to five meters while she
was being abused by Allan. Then, after
Allan finished having intercourse with her, Mario lowered his pants and pulled
out his penis. He sucked her breasts for half an hour while lying on top of
her. She tried to push Mario away with
her hands, but he got off her only when she vomited.[14]
She remembered she asked Allan for help and the latter went to
her, wiped her mouth and raised her underwear and pants. Afterwards, Oliver
left, followed by Mario and Pablito. Allan stayed awhile and helped her sit
up. Not long after, Allan’s mother
arrived and ordered Allan to go home.
She was left alone under one of the houses. By then, it was already
ANGELINA ADUYUGAN-AGUSTIN, mother of Chanet,
testified that her daughter was fifteen (15) years old. Her birth certificate showed she was born on
It was Chanet’s sister, ELIZABETH
AGUSTIN-BONSO,[18] who found Chanet
in a semi-catatonic state. A neighbor
told her of her sister’s whereabouts. Chanet told her
that Allan and Mario raped her.
The neighbor who told
SPO3 RODOLFO SOQUIÑA[22] testified that on the evening of
SPO3 MILAGROS CARRASCO and SPO2 Emma Valenzuela, policewomen assigned at the Women’s Desk, took the sworn statement of Chanet on the rapes. Chanet recalled what happened to her. SPO3 Carrasco testified that she told Chanet to proceed to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) for medical examination.
DR. ANABELLE SOLIMAN of the National Bureau of Investigation
(NBI) testified that she found “superficial fresh laceration at
PET BYRON BUAN, NBI forensic biologist, testified that he
conducted biological examination on the blouse, panty and maong
pants of Chanet.
He testified that the denim pants gave positive result for the presence
of seminal stain, while the panty and blouse were negative.[26]
After the testimonies of the private complainant and other prosecution witnesses were completed, the defense presented its evidence.
Appellant OLIVER VAIDAL testified that he and Allan were at the
store of Mario playing the guitar, when Chanet passed
by at around
According to Oliver, Allan initially suggested that they drink in
the house of one Noel Bersola in Bayanihan. However, Noel was still at work and so they
ended up at the riverside on the suggestion of Chanet.[29]
At
Mario Castillo and Oliver Vaidal
claimed that after they finished the second bottle, they left Allan and Chanet to themselves.[31] Pablito and Oliver
both denied Chanet’s allegation that they watched
Allan and Mario have sexual intercourse with her. Mario likewise denied ever
touching Chanet.
On the witness stand, ALLAN ESPLANA admitted that he had sex with Chanet. He said that when Chanet became tipsy, she became talkative and started embracing him. According to Allan, she suggested they elope, but he told her that this was not possible because he still wanted to help his parents. She got angry.
When the others left, Chanet began touching Allan. He became aroused and had sex with her. After consummating their mutual lust, Allan volunteered to take her home. However, Chanet refused and insisted to stay. While convincing her to go, his mother arrived and ordered him to go home.
Allan added that at the time of the incident, he was madly in
love with Chanet.
He claims that Chanet became angry with him
because he refused to run away with her.
He added that he still had some affection for Chanet.[32]
In a decision dated
In view of all the foregoing, the Court finds that all four (4) accused Allan Esplana y Boncodin, Mario Castillo y Felicilda, Allan Vaidal y Almogen, and Pablito Javier Jr. y Castro guilty beyond reasonable doubt for the crimes of Rape as defined and penalized under Art. 335 of the Revised Penal Code as amended and hereby sentences each of them to RECLUSION PERPETUA and there being evidence that the victim was gang raped by all the accused for each of them to pay civil indemnity in the amount of P150,000.00.
SO ORDERED.[33]
Hence, this appeal. Appellants now contend that THE TRIAL COURT:
I
ERRED IN DECIDING THAT THERE WAS RAPE
COMMITTED. THE ACTS AS NARRATED BY THE COMPLAINANT HERSELF MA. CHANET AGUSTIN
DO NOT CONSTITUTE THE CRIME OF RAPE AS DEFINED AND PENALIZED BY LAW.[34]
II
FAILED TO APPRECIATE THE EVIDENCE FOR THE
PROSECUTION PARTICULARLY THE INCONSISTENCIES, CONTRADICTIONS AND EVEN LIES
COMMITTED BY THE OFFENDED PARTY MA. CHANET AGUSTIN.[35]
The principal issue in this case is whether or not rape, as
defined by Article 335[36] of the Revised Penal Code, had been
committed by appellants beyond reasonable doubt.
Appellants contend that they must be acquitted because Chanet consented to the sexual act with Allan Esplana. Neither force nor coercion was present, according to them. They claim that private complainant offered no real struggle against or resistance to the sexual encounter with Allan. She did not shout for help, and her allegation that she dissuaded her boyfriend was not resistance considering that if she really resisted she could have gotten help since the place was a thickly-populated squatters’ area.
As to the alleged rape by appellant Mario Castillo, appellants submit that Mario’s sucking and fondling Chanet’s breasts did not constitute rape. There was no penile penetration, according to them.
Appellants also contend that the trial court’s observation that Chanet was drunk and weak at the time of the incident is not supported by the evidence. Chanet categorically admitted that she was in full control of her senses and was even able to give a detailed account of her alleged ordeal. Further, there were inconsistencies in Chanet’s testimony. Thus, they vehemently deny Chanet’s accusations of rape.
For the appellee, the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) maintains that appellants’ conviction should be sustained. The OSG contends that Chanet’s weak resistance and failure to shout was because she was drunk. According to the OSG, penile penetration by Mario Castillo is clear from the victim’s narration. The OSG asserts that the inconsistencies pointed out by appellants are inconsequential and do not detract from Chanet’s credibility as a witness. It concludes that the appeal lacks merit and should be denied.
As held in People vs. Docdoc,[37] the testimony of the offended party in a
rape case should not be received with precipitate credulity for the charge can
be easily concocted. In any prosecution
for rape the testimony of the complaining witness if credible would be
sufficient to convict the accused.[38] Hence, the greatest degree of care and
caution must be exercised before full faith and credit is given to
complainant’s testimony. Basic is the
rule that the testimonial evidence should come not only from the mouth of a
credible witness but it should also be credible, reasonable, and in accord with
human experience.[39]
In the present case, we find certain improbabilities and contradictory statements in complainant’s testimony that prevent us from giving full credence to her complaint that she was gang raped.
First of all, the prosecution’s evidence is insufficient to show that appellants employed force and intimidation, as averred in the information, to ensure that Chanet would submit to their sexual designs. While apparently recalling every detail of her alleged ordeal, private complainant, surprisingly did not mention how she was forced by the group. Except for saying that she tried to push Allan Esplana and Mario Castillo away from her, she did not mention how she was forced, coerced, or subdued despite her resistance.
In regard to Criminal Case No. 97-9947, involving the charge of rape by Allan Esplana, she said in substance that after drinking the first bottle, Allan began kissing her and touching her private parts; that after the second bottle was finished, her boyfriend took her to the back of the pigpen where the latter again kissed her for ten minutes; that thereafter, Allan requested her to lie down on a cardboard laid on the ground, Allan removed her pants and underwear, and his shorts; Allan then inserted his penis into her vagina.
Thus, with particular reference to the alleged intercourse with Allan, Chanet testified as follows:
Q: Would you kindly tell the Court what was that unusual incident while you were drinking Tanduay Gold together with the four male persons?
A: There was an unusual incident after one bottle of Tanduay Gold Allan Esplana started to kiss.
Q: What part of your body did Esplana kiss you?
A: On my cheek.
Q: And what did you do when Allan Esplana started kissing you?
A: I told him not to do that.
Q: What did Allan do?
A: He still continued kissing me.
Q: What did you do?
A: I told him not to kiss me.
Q: And again, what did Allan do?
A: He still continued kissing me.
Q: And this time where did he kiss you?
A: On my cheek.
Q: What happened afterwards?
A: He brought me at the back of the pig pen.
Q: What did you do when Esplana brought you at the back of the pig pen?
A: He lowered my pants.
x x x
Q: What did you do when Esplana lowered your pants?
A: I told him not to lower my pants.
Q: What did Esplana do?
A: He still lowered my pants.
Q: After Esplana lowered your pants, what happened next?
A: He also lowered his shorts.
Q: And after Allan Esplana lowered his shorts, what happened next?
A: He inserted his penis on my private part.
Q: What did you do when Esplana inserted his penis to your private part?
A: I was fighting.
Q: How?
A: I was pushing him.
x x x
Q: For how long a time did Esplana inserted his penis to your private part?
A: About half an hour.
Q: For how long a time you fight for him?
A: I was fighting for him
(sic) for ten minutes.[40]
Note, however, that private complainant did not describe or explain what “fighting” meant. During cross-examination, Chanet also testified that she did not stop or kick appellant Allan Esplana, whom she described as her boyfriend. She did not shout for help. In fact, she admitted appellant did not threaten her at all. Her testimony on cross-examination is replete with negations, thus:
Atty. Salcedo:
How did you go there to the back of the pig pen?
A: Allan held me by the right arm and brought me at the back of the pig pen.
x x x
Atty. Salcedo:
You said that he was kissing you for around thirty minutes and all you told him is not to do it?
A: Yes, ma’am, including the insertion of the penis.
Atty. Salcedo:
Are we made to understand you did not at all shout for help? You did not slap him, spank him on his face, you did not show any resistance on his kisses?
A: I did not slap him nor kick him.
Atty. Salcedo:
Did you shout for help?
A: I did not shout for help.
x x x
Atty. Salcedo:
Did Allan Esplana ever threatened (sic) you that evening?
A: No, ma’am.
Atty. Salcedo:
After he kissed you on the cheeks which you said took place for about thirty minutes, you stated that you saw Allan Esplana lower his pants, is that correct?
A: It was not a long pants, it was a short pants after kissing me for half an hour.
Atty. Salcedo:
After he lowered his shorts he then lowered your maong pants, is that correct?
A: Yes, ma’am.
Atty. Salcedo:
And when he lowered his pants what were his hands doing at that time?
A: His hands were on my pants that he is lowering.
Atty. Salcedo:
While he was doing this, Miss Agustin, you never shouted for help?
Witness:
No, ma’am. I did not shout for help.
Court:
Why did you not shout for help?
A: No voice came out of me.
Court:
Why?
A: I did not shout for help as I have no voice anymore as I feel weak already.
Atty. Salcedo:
How long was that? How long was that when his penis was inside your private part?
A: About ten minutes.
Atty. Salcedo:
Now therefore, Miss Agustin, you were then in full control of your senses considering you were able to calculate the length of time Allan Esplana kissed your lips and you were able to calculate the length of time his penis was in your vagina. You were in full control of your senses?
A: Yes, I was in full control of my senses.
Atty. Salcedo:
And likewise you also notice the three other accused were just looking at you?
A: Yes, ma’am.[41]
x x x
Atty. Larracas:
While you were drinking with Allan and the group and before he invited you near the pig pen, what did Allan do? Did Allan kiss you only several times, that's the only thing he did to you?
A: Aside from kissing me he was touching my breast and body.
Atty. Larracas:
For how long was he touching your body?
x x x
A: I cannot recall how long he touch (sic) my body because I removed his hands.
Court:
That is all you do, just remove his hand?
A: Yes, Your Honor.
Court:
You did not stop him or slap him for touching your body?
A: No, I did not.
Court:
Neither did you run away when he started touching you in your body, you did not run away?
A: No, Your Honor, I did
not.[42]
Nothing in private complainant’s testimony indicates positively
that she was forced or intimidated to have sex with Allan Esplana. Although she tried to stop Allan from
touching her, it was apparently half-hearted.
She did shove Allan away, but this was already after they had
consummated the sex act. The act itself
was done, according to complainant, while she had full control of her senses. [43]
While the prosecution claimed that appellants took advantage of Chanet’s inebriated state, she in fact remembered every
minute detail of the sex act. She
recalled even the ten minutes to half hour that Allan’s penis was inside her.[44] To our mind, if she were truly drunk as to
be effectively taken advantage of, her recollection would not be as sharp as
demonstrated by her testimony.
The testimony of prosecution witness Jerwin
Cantero did not persuasively corroborate Chanet’s version of the rape charge. Jerwin
claimed that he saw Chanet lying unconscious, “doing
nothing”,[45] while Allan and Mario were successively on
top of her. This account contradicted
the victim’s claim that she tried to shove each of them away. Jerwin also
declared that Chanet, Mario, Allan and Oliver were completely
naked when he saw them at the back of the pigpen.[46] But the victim claimed that individually
Allan and Mario merely lowered their pants as well as hers.[47]
For the charge of rape in Criminal Case No. 97-9947, we hold that
appellants’ guilt was not proved with moral certainty. It appears that Chanet did not offer any real resistance to the advances
made by Allan, who was admittedly her boyfriend.[48] She stated that Allan kissed her for 30
minutes before he lowered his shorts and then her pants.[49] Chanet could have
resisted and left within those 30 minutes, particularly since it did not appear
that she was forced or threatened by Allan.[50] This she did not do.
Though appellants’ defense of denial is intrinsically weak,[51] we are unable to convict beyond a shadow of
doubt. The prosecution evidence must stand or fall on its own merits and cannot
be allowed to draw strength from the weakness of the evidence for the defense.[52]
Coming now to the second assigned error, in regard to Criminal
Case No. 97-9946, we agree with appellants that the records are bereft of
evidence that could show that appellant Mario Castillo had carnal knowledge of
complainant. Even admitting that Mario
stroked and sucked her breasts, the records do not show that Mario forced, or
attempted to force, his manhood on Chanet. Conviction of appellants could not be based
on the alleged implication of intercourse to be gleaned from the over-all
testimony of the victim. For conviction
of the crime of rape to stand, there must be clear and convincing evidence to
prove the allegation that the person charged had carnal knowledge of
complainant against her will.[53]
What was proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt in
Criminal Case No. 97-9946, in our view, is the crime of acts of
lasciviousness. This offense is
necessarily included in the charge of rape.[54] Mario’s act of touching and sucking Chanet’s breasts is most certainly an act of lewdness that
was downright unwelcome.
SPO2 Emma Valenzuela of the
Q: Did you notice anything unusual when she was confronted (by) accused Allan Esplana?
A: Yes, she cried.
Q: What did she say, if you still remember?
A: The fact that Allan is her boyfriend she did not think that “papipilahan siya sa iba.”
While this is in the nature of hearsay testimony, we allow it in
this case as part of the res gestae and thus an exception to the hearsay rule.[57] Chanet clearly did
not want Mario’s sexual advances, and Mario succeeded only by forcing and
taking advantage of her.
There is an allegation of
conspiracy in the information charging Mario with raping Chanet. We find, however, no evidence of conspiracy
in this case. Conspiracy must be shown
as clearly and conclusively as the commission of the crime itself.[58] Here we find nothing in the records to
support a finding that appellants were acting in concert and with a common
design in molesting Chanet. That they watched the abuse take place is
insufficient proof to show unity in purpose and action. Hence, since only Mario had been positively
shown to have committed acts of lasciviousness on Chanet,
only he should suffer the consequences.
Under Article 336 of the Revised Penal Code, the penalty for acts of lasciviousness is prision correccional. We impose the penalty in its medium period, there being no aggravating or mitigating circumstance proved. Applying the Indeterminate Sentence Law, the proper penalty imposable is from six months of arresto mayor as minimum, to four years and two months of prision correccional as maximum.
WHEREFORE, the decision of the
SO ORDERED.
Bellosillo, (Chairman), Mendoza,
Buena, and De Leon, Jr., JJ., concur.
[1] Rollo,
pp. 33-49.
[2]
[3]
[4] Records, pp. 65-68.
[5] TSN,
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9] TSN,
[10]
[11]
[12] TSN,
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16] Records, p. 42.
[17] TSN,
[18] “Bunso”
in other parts of the record.
[19] TSN,
[20] “Jeruel”
in other parts of the record.
[21] TSN,
[22] “Soquena”
in other parts of the record.
[23] TSN,
[24] Records, p. 343;
TSN,
[25] TSN,
[26]
[27] TSN,
[28] TSN,
[29] TSN,
[30]
[31]
[32] TSN,
[33] Rollo,
p. 49.
[34]
[35]
[36] ART. 335. When and how rape is committed. - Rape is committed by having carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:
1. By using force and intimidation;
2. When the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; and
3. When the woman is under twelve years of age or is demented.
The crime of rape shall be punished by reclusion perpetua.
x x x
[37] G.R. No. 134679, 327
SCRA 407, 414-415 (2000), citing People
vs. Medel, G.R. No. 123803, 286 SCRA 567,
582 (1998).
[38] People vs. San Juan, G.R. No.
130969, 326 SCRA 786, 787 (2000), citing People vs. Fundano,
G.R. No. 124737, 291 SCRA 356 (1998).
[39] People vs. Atad,
G.R. No. 114105, 266 SCRA 262, 275-276 (1997), citing People vs. Uson, G.R. No. 101313, 224 SCRA 425 (1993) and People vs.
Obzunar, G.R. No. 92153, 265 SCRA 547 (1996).
[40] TSN,
[41] TSN,
[42]
[43]
[44] Supra, notes
40 and 41.
[45] TSN,
[46]
[47] TSN,
[48] TSN,
[49] TSN,
[50]
[51] People vs. Maglente,
G.R. Nos. 124559-66, 306 SCRA 546, 575 (1999), citing People vs. Burce,
G.R. No. 108604-10, 269 SCRA 293 (1997).
[52] See People vs. Vidal, G.R. No. 90419,
308 SCRA 1, 20 (1999), citing People vs. Subido,
G.R. No. 115004, 253 SCRA 196, 208 (1996) and People vs. Paloma,
G.R. No. 116595, 279 SCRA 352, 363 (1997).
[53] People vs. Lamarroza,
G.R. No. 126121, 299 SCRA 116, 120 (1998).
[54] People vs. Laguerta,
G.R. No. 132783, 344 SCRA 453, 463 (2000).
[55] TSN,
[56] Chanet
used the words, “papipilahan sa iba”.
[57] Rule 130, Sec. 42 of the Rules of Court provides:
SEC. 42. Part of the res gestae. -- Statements made by a person while a
startling occurrence is taking place or immediately prior or subsequent thereto
with respect to the circumstances thereof, may be given in evidence as part of
the res gestae. So, also, statements accompanying an
equivocal act material to the issue, and giving it a legal significance, may be
received as part of the res gestae.
[58] People v. Reapor,
et al., G.R. No. 130962,
[59] People v. Velasquez, G.R. Nos.
132635, 143872-75, February 21, 2001; People v. Hinto,
G.R. Nos. 138146-91, Febraury 28, 2001.